Socioeconomic status effects on human health have evolved with industrialization

Review written by Kimberly Sabsay (QCB, G3)

Socioeconomic status (SES), often simplified as absolute material wealth, is often linked to a variety of human health metrics. At a fundamental level, it makes sense that higher SES likely corresponds with access to better medical services, and in turn, better overall health. Studies have shown that, indeed, higher SES is associated with better human health, but the majority of this data comes from high-income countries (HICs). Despite the growing amount of scientific evidence for the apparent gradients in disease risk and survival explained by access to medical care and other health-related lifestyle factors, we cannot be certain that these trends are universal. Understanding the relationship between SES and health is crucial for policy design and to ensure we make economic decisions that do not negatively impact overall human health. Ultimately, the relationships between SES and health can be used to motivate positive change that benefits all of humanity.

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Pandemics Depress the Economy, Public Health Interventions Do Not: Evidence from the 1918 Flu

Review written by Yinuo Zhang (ECON)

The tradeoff between social distancing and its potential adverse economic effects has been at the center of debates during COVID-19 in the United States. On one hand, it is crucial to practice social distancing to prevent further spread of COVID-19. On the other hand, economic activities plummeted due to the closing of non-essential businesses mandated by many states. As a result, initial unemployment claims reached an unprecedented number of over 6.8 million on March 28th, the highest since 1967. The rapid development of COVID-19 has called urgent attention to the impact of existing public health interventions and its consequences on the real economy. In particular, do non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) like social distancing further hinder economic activity on top of the ongoing pandemic? Does the tradeoff between social distancing and subdued economic activities exist?

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